ABSTRACT
Childhood tuberculosis [TB] has been neglected by national TB programs in sub-Saharan Africa because of the emphasis on adult smear-positive TB cases. About 80,000 HIV children die from TB, and over 550,000 childhood TB cases occur annually, representing 6% of the global TB burden, making TB an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Thus, this study assessed the trend of childhood TB cases notified in Lagos, Nigeria from 2011 to 2014. Retrospective data review of childhood TB cases notified to the Lagos State TB and Leprosy Control Programme [LSTBLCP] between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2014. A total of 2396 children were treated for all forms of TB representing 6.8% of the total 35,305 TB cases notified during the study period. This constituted 1102 [46%] males and 1294 [54%] females. There was a progressive increase in the proportion of children treated for TB from 495 [5.9%] in 2011, 539 [6.4%] in 2012, 682 [7.2%] in 2013 and 680 [7.6%] in 2014. Of the total childhood TB cases notified, 16.3-20% were new sputum pulmonary smear positive; 68.2-74.6% were new sputum pulmonary smear negative; while extra-pulmonary TB accounted for 6.7-10.6%. The case notification rate [CNR] of childhood TB per 100,000 increased from 13.4 in 2011, 14.3 in 2012, 17.7 in 2013 and 17.2 in 2014. There was an increase in the case notification rate of TB among children between 2011 and 2014. Efforts should be made to sustain this increasing trend